Peter  S.  Grosscup,  et  al .  In  Memoriam 
John  Nelson  Jewett,  President  of  the" 
Chicaqo  Historical  Society,  1899-1904 


4><.v.<  t  v^v''!* 


iSTORiCAL  SURVEY 


3n  iU^manam. 


inljn  N^iann  if^to^tt 


1827'1904. 


3n  a3cmoriam 


30lnt  Nelson  3l?ut?tt,  9iffi 


Pre0iDent  of  tftc 

Chicago  lDi0toricaI  ©ocictp 

1899=1904- 


a^emorial  arreting 


m  tbc  Xccture  "fcall  ot  tbc  Cbicaoo  t)letorlcnl  i5oci 


joint  meeting  of  ^be  Gbicago  tJistorical  Socie 
Cbicago  JBar  Bssociation,  anD  ^be  5obn  /Ibarsb 
Scbool,  was  belD  in  tbe  Xecture  tall  ot  tbe  lb 
Society's  JSuilC>in0,  at  eiflbt  o'clock  on  tbe  ev« 
/Ibon^as,  Jfebruars  29,  1904,  in  bonor  of  tbe  mc 
"toonorable  5obn  IRelson  5e\vett,  TLX.S).,  late  pres 
saiD  tbistorical  Societ)^,  anD  2)ean  ot  saiD  Xaw 
/Memorial  aDDresaes  were  Delivered  b^l5on.  peter  S 
cup,  /Br.  Stepben  S.  ©regor^,  anD  /IBr.  BDwarD 
On  tbe  stage,  in  aOOition  to  tbe  orators  of  tbe  evenii 
/I^r.  ifranft  Bsbur^  5obn6on,  president  of  tbe  JBar 
ation,  anD  /Br.  ifranftlin  lb.  IbeaD,  Beting  prestOe 
■fcistorical  Society.  a  a  0 


In  opening  tlie  incciing  Mr.  Head  spoke  as  follows; 
Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 

Mr.  John  N.  Jewett,  whose  death,  on  January  14th 
casion  for  this  meeting  to-night  of  his  friends  and  ace 
was  one  of  the  early  members  of  the  bar  in  Chicago,  and  he 
time  of  his  death,  the  able  and  efficient  President  of  the  C 
torical  Society.  He  was  also  a  man  of  much  public  spirit,  ( 
leading  members  of  the  bar,  and  a  man  interested  in 
aflfairs.  The  Historical  Society  decided  that  it  was  prope 
should  hold  a  memorial  meeting,  and  when  the  matter  wa 
it  transpired  that  the  Chicago  Bar  Association  and  the  Jol 
Law  School,  of  which  Mr.  Jewett  was  the  Dean,  would 
join  in  the  occasion,  and  make  it  a  memorial  meeting  fc 
assor:iations.  We  shall,  therefore,  this  evening  have  t 
of  listening  to  people  who  have  known  Mr.  Jewett  in 
with  his  public  work,  [ind  as  a  member  of  the  bar,  and  a 
terested  in  the  law  school ;  and  we  shall  thus  have  a  f 
many-sided  man.  who  had  lived  among  us.  and  was 
honored  by  people  in  various  walks  of  life. 

We  shall  first  have  the  pleasure  of  listening  to  Ju 
cur,  who  speaks  of  his  acquaintance  with  Mr.  Jewett,  i 
Stephen  S.  Gregory,  who  represents  the  Bar  Associatio 
to  Mr.  Edward  T.  Lee,  who  represents  the  John  Ma 
School. 

I  have  the  pleasure  of  presenting  Judge  Grosscup. 


ADDRESS 


Hon.  PETER  S.  GROSSCUP. 


old  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Wisconsin.  This  country  v 
the  northwest.  It  was  as  new  and  as  undeveloped  as  the 
northwest,  Oregon  and  Washington,  are  to-day.  Chicai 
fewer  people  then  than  Seattle  has  now;  Milwaukee  as  few 
as  Tacoma.  Across  these  great  prairies  and  throughoi 
forests  of  pine  and  oak,  gemmed  with  lakes,  there  had 
been  heard  the  stirring  whistle  of  the  locomotive;  nor  ha 
been  felt  the  vibrations  of  the  electric  telegraph  in  this  fai 
west  corner  of  the  then  civilized  United  States. 

Two  years  later,  Mr.  Jewett  returned  to  Maine;  entere 
doin  College  as  a  sophomore;  and.  in  due  course,  graduated 
teaching  school  for  a  little  while  in  the  east,  he  came  back  to  thi 
west.  and.  studying  law,  drifted  into  Galena,  which  at  th 
was  the  center  of  the  lead  industry,  A  few  years  later  he  < 
Chicago,  with  that  group  of  Galenians.  including  Gen.  Che 
Russell  Jones,  Judge  Drummond,  and  others ;  men  who 
giants  in  the  industrial  and  professional   development   of   ( 

Mr.  Jewett  had  been  in  Chicago  four  years  when,  fr 
Wigwam  in  Franklin  Square,  there  burst  upon  the  world  t 
name  of  Lincoln.  Presumably  he  was  there  and  saw  tha 
dignified  convention;  and  doubtless,  later  in  life,  wondered 
miraculous  providence  that  out  of  that  gathering  had  picl 
this  name  and  made  it  one  of  the  two  first  in  America,  and 
the  first  in  the  annals  of  the  world. 

He  had  been  in  Chicago  fifteen  years  when  from  the  \\\ 
the  little  flame  came  that,  sweeping  the  business  district  ( 
cago,  crossed  the  river  to  the  north,  and.  like  a  mercilesi 
swinging  firebrands,  destroyed  the  city  of  the  Lake.  He  v 
of  those  who,  the  morning  after,  looked  into  the  face  of  his  n 
for  hope,  and  the  second  morning  went  to  work  to  rebuild  t 

He  had  been  in  this  city  thirty-seven  years  when  th 
World's  Exposition,  like  a  celestial  visitor,  broke  into  our  S( 
horizon.  He  witnessed  that  splendid  reproduction  of  all 
great  and  glorious  in  architecture,  past  and  present.  He 
with  him,  not  only  through  the  remaining  years  of  his  lif 
but  into  the  life  to  which  he  has  just  gone,  a  picture  that  niu 
made  the  streets  of  Heaven  themselves  look  familiar. 

He  had  been  in  this  city  forty-eight  years  when  for  t 
time  he  went  away.  He  held  no  office,  except  a  term  as  Stat( 
tor.  He  filled  no  great  public  station.  His  life  was  that  of 
yer  and  of  a  citizen.  It  can  be  summed  up  in  these  five  v 
husband,  father,  lawyer.  Christian,  man.  But  in  five  word 
as  these  are  gathered  all  that  is  great  and  glorious  and  las 
any  life. 

U 


)f  peculiar  scope  and  universality.  In  that  life  no  one 
another.  In  one  his  work  is  in  a  case  involving,  per- 
nt  right.  The  mechanics  of  a  great  machine,  or  the  do- 
elusive  electric  energy  must  be  studied  and  mastered, 
ow  through  all  its  intricacies  that  mysterious  force  that 
heels  of  our  street  cars,  carries  motion  from  Niagara 
)n  spindles  of  factories,  lights  this  hall  and  these  great 
ends  messages  from  men  to  men  through  the  air  and 
;eas.  The  next  day  his  work  is  in  a  personal  injury 
ig  up  the  whole  field  of  surgery  and  medicine.  He 
what  the  physician  knows.  He  must  in  one  respect, 
3  the  physician's  knowledge,  for  he  must  translate  into 
2  of  the  layman  what  the  physician  is  content  to  know 
h  of  his  own  profession.  The  next  day  his  work  is  in 
ase.  Here  the  whole  sphere  of  moral  forces  opens  up 
He  must  master  the  heart  and  the  mind  of  mankind 
?s  that  spring  men  to  action,  the  weaknesses  and  moral 
palliate  action.  His  next  work  may  be  in  a  customs 
he  studies  the  classification  of  fabrics,  of  woolens,  of 
silks,  of  the  feathers  worn  in  the  hat,  of 
id  things  that  make  up  the  garments  we  wear 
>ds  we  eat.  And  in  each  of  these  studies,  and  his 
fter  day  of  the  myriad  of  other  things  that  life  is  filled 
lawyer  must  not,  in  the  things  studied,  become  wholly 
^part  from  them,  each  and  all,  he  must  stand  so  far 
e  can  see  them  in  their  relations  to  the  other  interests 
but  yet  so  near  that  no  detail  escapes  him.  Like  the 
t  builds  thought  structures — visualizes  ideas — here  the 
;  the  beams,  about  them  the  sustaining  walls,  over  them 
?  dome ;  but  in  no  one  detail  so  bound  up  that  he  does 
tal  vision,  at  all  moments,  fit  them  together,  that  the 
ole  may  be  as  perfect  and  symmetrical  as  each  con- 
rt.  To  do  this  requires  a  mental  temperament  that  is 
that  can  be  here  and  there,  in  the  midst  of  things  and 
them,  at  the  same  moment.  The  law,  as  a  system,  is 
ture  of  civilization.  It  is  the  fitting  together  of  every 
st,  making  all  move  symmetrically  and  in  harmony.  It 
tating  force  that  holds  the  sum  total  of  interests  to- 
s  the  symmetry  of  life;  and  the  lawyer  who  reaches  the 
inment,  comes  nearer  than  any  one  else  to  what  we 
rersal  genius.  To  almost  as  great  a  degree  as  any  man 
,  Jewett  possessed  this  genius  o^  the  lawyer, 
a  master  of  detail.    He  let  nothing  escape  him.     I  re- 

12 


t 


inea,  oeiore  juuge  ana  jury,  ine  issues  oi  mat  complicate 
During  all  that  time,  when  the  Judge  was  at  home  in  th( 
at  rest,  when  the  jury  and  the  lawyers  on  the  other  sid( 
attendance  on  the  theatre,  all  recuperating  from  the  hz 
of  the  day  past,  for  the  hard  work  of  tlie  day  to  come,  M 
kept  me,  his  young  associate — somewhat  rebellious  I  fear 
work  in  his  room,  going  over  the  material,  unravelling  tl 
sifting  out  the  facts  that  on  the  morrow,  and  on  the  follov 
would  be  woven  into  the  cause  before  the  court.  He  was 
of  details;  but  he  was  more  than  a  mere  master  of  det 
had  the  power  of  putting  details  together,  of  co-ordinati 
of  bringing  life  and  motion  out  of  them,  that  made  the 
hand  a  real  case,  a  deserving  case,  a  case  that  won  becai 
served  to  win. 

Mr.  Jewett  knew  how  to  present  a  case.  There  are  m 
world  who  feel  the  right  and  feel  the  wrong,  but  can  no 
tellectual  expression  to  this  feeling.  They  have  the  o 
but  not  the  glass  of  analysis  through  which  conscience  i 
self.  They  are  what  we  usually  call  right-minded  but 
men.    They  rule  often  through  pure  force  of  conviction. 

There  are  other  men,  many  of  them  in  our  profession 
the  right  intellectually,  and  the  wrong  intellectually,  but  i 
the  right  and  wrong.  They  are  without  conscience  of 
Right  and  wrong  are  to  them  mere  abstractions.  To  su 
argument  that  is  plausible  is  available.  No  consideratic 
aside  as  unfit.  They  will  press  every  argument  at  hand; 
one  as  confidently  as  the  other. 

Mr.  Jewett  combined  the    intellect    that    could    see, 
conscience  that  felt.     His  heart   spoke  to  his  brain,  and 
translated  what  his  heart  said.     There  were  thus  given  t( 
sense  of  proportion,  and  the  feeling  of  conviction,  above 
powers  the  conquering  powers  behind  the  great  lawyer. 

Mr.  Jewett  had  the  talent  of  brevity.  He  wasted  r 
mere  words,  nothing  in  ornamentation,  nothing  in  flower  ( 
He  was  a  skilled  carpenter  in  argument.  He  carefully  sc 
first,  and  then  drove  it  home;  and  he  hammered  not  a  sti 
it  was  driven  home.  He  did  not  sit  down  until  his  case 
ished ;  but  when  his  case  was  finished  he  sat  down, 
every  word  that  his  client  was  entitled  to  have  said;  he  u 
moment  that  the  court  was  entitled  not  to  have  wasted, 
lawyer  this — a  rare  man,  supreme  in  his  profession,  witho 
ing  reputation,  but  steadfastly  placing  his  life  on  the  soli( 
tions  of  the  men  who  do  mankind  some  real  service  in  i 
justice  throughout   the  world. 

13 


5C.         X  lld.1,     J.    ildVC    llAJ     UULlUL,     lie     was     aioyj,     u^-xn-vnig     iii 

atonement,  in  the  divinity  of  Jesus,  in  the  plan  of 
in  the  salvation  of  mankind.  But  I  speak  of  him  as 
its  broader  sense.  I  speak  of  him  as  such  a  christian 
n  be,  such  a  christian  as  a  follower  of  Confucius  can 
iristian  as  Huxley  and  Darwin  were.  For,  after  all, 
ressive  quality  in  the  life  of  the  great  character  that 
vn  to  us  under  the  name  of  Christ  is  his  gospel  of 
ce !  Justice !  The  divine  capacity  that  taking  you  out 
[aces  you  rightly  among  your  fellows,  so  that  you  may 
with  all,  yourself  and  your  fellows.  Every  parable 
f  the  mouth  of  Jesus  is  a  chapter  out  of  this  book  of 
very  act  recorded  of  him,  every  word  spoken  by  him. 
postle  of  justice.  The  christian  era  has  progressed,  its 
ened  and   deepened,   more  and  more   taking  hold  on 

their  history  and  shaping  their  civilization;  but  all 
^r  as  cause  or  effect  I  need  not  inquire,  it  has  de- 
mkind  a  deeper,  wider,  more  abiding  sense  of  justice, 
nore  than  any  gone  before,  the  age  of  justice, 
d  has  had  its  great  painters.  They  came  in  a  group, 
Vatican,  and  the  galleries  of  Europe  and  America,  they 
essage  to  our  souls.  The  world  has  had  its  great  com- 
■,  too,  came  in  a  group,  and  we  are  stirred  to  this 
r  thought  by  their  great  harmonies.  In  groups,  too. 
Id's  great  literary  lights,  lights  to  which  we  turn  back 
dows  of  mediocrity  oppress  us.  We  have  no  Raphaels 
lael  Angelos,  no  Titians;  we  have  no  Mozart  nor 
we    have    no     Shakespeare,     no    Bacon,    no  Moliere, 

But  we  have  what  they  did  not  have- 
age  tyranny  trampled  under  foot  the  rights  of 
:  man  respected  little  the  rights  of  his  fellowmen — we 
■eciation  of  justice;  that  justice  that  reaches  all  and 
le  growing  realization  of  Christ's  human  message  and 

LIT  was,  in  his  human  way,  a  disciple  of  justice.  He 
He  lived  to  bring  justice  about.  He  asked  for  his 
g  that  he  believed  unjust.  He  loved  his  profession,  be- 
reme,  paramount  purpose  is  to  promote  justice.  He 
;mbers  of  the  profession  who  trampled  justice  under 
winked  it,  or  sought  to  lead  it  astray.  His  life  is  an 
30th  community  and  profession,  of  how  great  a  man 
will  devote  himself  to  his  ideals  of  a  just  administra- 
w. 


14 


of  it  on  spire  and  dome  as  throwing  out  the  command :  ' 
others  as  you  would  have  them  do  unto  you."  I  like  to  1( 
it  as  the  color-bearer  of  civilization  against  its  foes.  I  was 
more  during  the  recent  great  fire.  With  my  friends  I  v 
Sunday  night  from  their  home,  in  the  northern  portion  of 
to  the  south,  where  the  fire  was  burning.  We  passed  on 
the  College  of  Loyola,  the  building  itself  sunken  out  of  sig 
banks  of  the  surrounding  darkness.  But  above  the  colleg( 
in  the  reflecting  light  of  the  great  fire,  was  its  gilded  ( 
could  see  nothing,  not  even  the  tower,  to  which  it  was  j 
it  looked  suspended  from  Heaven — a  gleaming  cross  hur 
the  dwellings  of  the  city. 

We  went  into  the  district  where  the  fire  burned.  It  I 
in  the  south  and  pushed  northward  until  the  feet  of  the  C 
Saint  Paul  and  the  Cardinal's  Cathedral  were  almost  read 
yond  lay  the  thirty  thousand  roofs  of  the  city,  and  undeme 
a  hundred  thousand  children  asleep.  For  a  moment  the  fire 
to  crouch  and  lick  their  jaws,  as  if  eager  to  spring  upon  i 
tims.  Then  they  looked  up  and  halted.  Before  them,  lit 
habitant  of  the  skies,  was  the  suspended  cross,  saying,  as 
senger  from  above:  "Not  here!  Not  here!"  To  the  eastwar 
wealth  had  piled  itself  up,  not  in  dwellings,  but  in  coi 
structures,  the  fire  turned.  One  by  one  the  great  granite 
walls  were  scaled.  Like  a  thousand  besiegers,  the  flames  bi 
windows ;  and  like  ten  thousand  broke  out  again  at  every 
They  leaped  from  floor  to  floor ;  they  massed  in  legions  on  t 
crushing  them  to  earth  as  giants  would  crush  houses  of  paj 
a  moment  the  wind  shifted  a  little  to  the  south ;  and  a  mc 
suspense  it  was,  for  in  that  change  the  north  was  again  thn 
the  track  of  the  flames.  But  still  gleamed  the  cross,  an 
said :  "Not  here !  Not  here !"  Factory  after  factory  su< 
warehouse  after  warehouse,  the  angry  flames  licking 
wharves  to  the  water's  edge.  But  the  dwellings  of  the  c 
their  sleeping  children  stood  untouched.  Over  them  rema 
suspended  cross,  until  the  waves  of  fire  were  swallowed  u 
waves  of  the  sea. 

Wherever  the  fires  of  disorder  burn,  wherever  humar 
ness  reaches  out  with  its  forked  tongues,  over  home  and 
over  liberty  and  property,  like  the  cross  of  Loyola,  ha 
emblem  of  justice,  speaking  through  the  law,  and  the  ser 
the  law,  these  words  of  command :     "Not  here!     Not  here! 


15 


ADDRESS 


Mr.  STEPHEN  S.  GREGORY 


CHICAGO  BAR  ASSOCIATION, 


gaged  in  such  an  important  work  in  this  community,  she 
to  notice  in  a  becoming  manner,  the  death  of  its  late  Pre< 

Man  differs  from  the  lower  orders  of  creation  very  1 
that  he  remembers  and  records.  It  is  the  high  office  of  thi: 
tion,  not  merely  to  gather  and  preserve  historical  materia 
formation,  and  to  stimulate  and  encourage  original  investig 
research  in  this  great  field,  particularly  as  to  that  imperia 
dom.ain  of  which  our  city  is  the  capital ;  but  to  promot 
public  interest  in  the  study  of  the  interesting  and  romant 
of  this  region.  I  am  confident  that  the  people  of  this  ci 
appreciate  this  work  and  have  a  deep  sense  of  its  imporl 
permanent  value. 

And  it  was  a  graceful  and.  I  think,  appropriate  court < 
is,  I  am  sure,  not  unappreciated  by  those  to  whom  it  was 
to  invite  the  Chicago  Bar  Association  and  the  profession 
of  which  Mr.  Jewett  was  the  Dean,  to  participate  in  the 
of  the  evening. 

Designated  by  the  Bar  Association  to  speak  for  its  mc 
this  occasion,  I  need  hardly  say  here  that  there  has  nev( 
member  of  our  bar  who  more  fully  illustrated  in  characti 
ments  and  extended  professional  experience,  all  that  is 
highest  in  our  professional  life,  than  did  he,  out  of  respect 
memory  we  have  assembled  to-night. 

Appearing  as  the  representative  of  an  association  of  1; 
is  my  purpose  to  speak  of  Mr.  Jewett  in  his  capacity  as 
and  not  to  attempt  an  extended  memorial  minute,  such  a 
doubt,  prepared  by  some  more  competent  hand,  find  permai 
upon  the  records  of  this  Society. 

It  is  now  nearly  fifty  years  since  Mr.  Jewett  entered 
practice  of  his  profession  in  this  city.  During  this  perioi 
has  grown  from  a  small  community  of  less  than  100,000 
a  mighty  metropolis  of  over  2,000,000.  In  185G  there  wa 
city  in  the  civilized  world  as  large  as  this  city  now  is;  a 
it  may  be  doubted  whether  the  population  of  London,  at 
was  very  much  greater  than  that  of  Chicago  to-day.  I 
this  period  of  our  city's  unparalleled  growth  and  develop 
Jewett  steadily  maintained  his  position  and  leadership  ir 
front  rank  of  an  able  and  accomplished  bar. 

His  practice   was  extensive  and   eclectic.     He  never 
nor  contracted  the  native  breadth  and  vigor  of  his  mind 
ing  any  special  line  of   professional   work ;   a   method   oc 
employed  by  those  seeking  to  evade  the  traditions  of  a  r 
which  does  not  countenance  advertising. 

19 


No  interests  were  so  important  that  those  in  charge 
ited,  where  legal  controversy  arose,  to  seek  his  counsel 
inal  service,  in  the  fullest  confidence  that  whatever 
id  would  be  protected  and  maintained — per  fas,  how- 
per  nefas. 

a  fact  that  although  for  many  years  Mr.  Jewett  repre- 
rgest  interests,  often  in  desperate  legal  controversy, 
lounts  at  stake  were  so  great  and  the  question's  in- 
lortant,  as  to  tempt  some  men,  thus  concerned,  to  win 
y^  means,  I  have  never  heard  it  even  whispered  that 
these  great  forensic  battles,  except  by  fair  and  honest 
)pen  as  the  day.  He  was  not  even,  so  far  as  I  have 
etained  because  a  case  happened  to  be  pending  be- 
ige with  whom  his  personal  acquaintance  or  influence 
posed  to  count  for  something. 

n,   was   one,  perhaps  the  most   commanding  and  ad- 
of  his  strong  and  rugged  character;   an  integrity  as 
)ending  as  the  granite  hills  of  his  native  and  ancestral 
[. 

ti  the  law  he  was  absolutely  impersonal.  A  man  of 
education,  of  logical  and  exact  mind  with  reasoning 
ly  developed,  and,  as  time  went  on,  trained  by  long 
vas  to  him  one  of  the  exact  sciences.  He  did,  indeed, 
power  of  the  courts  to  decide  cases;  he  did  not  ad- 
could  make  law.  He,  therefore,  addressed  himself  to 
1  of  a  legal  proposition  as  he  did  to  a  problem,  in 
The  questions  presented  were  questions  to  be  de- 
n  intellectual  process  approaching  demonstration.  Be- 
ersonal,  absolutely  devoted  to  his  client's  cause,  and 
-less  and  independent,  if,  cither  on  petition  for  re- 
:herwise,  he  deemed  it  his  duty  to  review  a  judicial 
)inion,  he  did  so  with  some  thoroughness.  He  did  not 
ranee,  dullness  nor  incapacity  because  he  found  such 
dmed  in  the  sancity  of  judicial  expression, 
ced  such  judicial  errors  with  the  utmost  candor,  but 
ly  no  personal  malice  or  hostility  toward  the  judge  or 
ible  for  them.  He  has  himself  said  both  publicly  and 
t  occasionally  judges  have  seemed  to  be  somewhat 
such  criticism.  But  I  am  inclined  to  think  such  a 
)ar  is  salutary;  and  we  must  record  his  absolute  fear- 
professional   independence  as  among  his   conspicuous 

ty  to  his  clients  was  equally  pronounced.     This  is  in- 


ifgiii   rigiiib  ui   aiiuiuci,   iic  uwca   lu  imii,  pru   nut  vitt,  an    i 

allegiance.  No  suggestions  of  self-interest,  no  popula 
ardor  prava  jnhcntium,  no  merely  personal  consideratio 
nature  can  be  permitted  to  induce  him  to  abandon  his  ret 
in  anywise  affect  his  professional  conduct. 

In  this  regard  Mr.  Jewett's  standards  and  professi< 
duct  were  above  reproach ;  and,  indeed,  I  may  sum  up  t 
matter  by  saying  that  in  all  these  particulars  he  stood,  d 
long  career  at  this  bar,  a  bright  exemplar  of  the  best  tra 
the  profession. 

Another  marked  trait  of  his  character  was  conservat 
stood  fast  upon  the  ancient  ways  and  deprecated  the  re 
the  ancient  landmarks  cither  of  the  law  or  of  society. 

Time  does  not  admit  of  any  extended  notice  of  the 
teresting  and  important  cases  in  which  Mr.  Jewett  was  c 
There  is  no  lawyer  now  at  this  bar  who  has  appeared  i 
large  number  of  historic  cases,  both  in  the  Supreme  Cot 
state  and  of  the  United  States,  as  did  Mr.  Jeweit  in  his 
remarkable  professional  career.  He  never,  so  far  as  I  ki 
ticipated  in  criminal  practice  at  all,  and  for  many  years  I 
tried  cases  before  a  jury. 

Indeed,  it  is  not  the  custom  here,  although  it  seems 
England,  for  the  great  leaders  of  the  bar  to  appear  mu 
juries.  I  think  possibly  Mr.  Jewett  did  not  feel  the  gre; 
fidence  in  these  tribunals;  and  it  is  true,  juries  in  great 
frequently  not  quite  what  they  should  be,  as  indeed  may  1 
almost  every  institution  of  local  government  in  such  con 

It  was  in  his  arguments  to  a  court,  and  especially  a 
last  resort,  that  Mr.  Jewett  particularly  excelled.  Of  cor 
presence,  dignified  yet  courteous,  with  an  attractive  voi( 
and  discriminating  literary  faculty  and  never  appearing 
thorough  study  and  preparation,  his  arguments  were  al 
pressive  and  were  invariably  received  with  great  considerai 
industry  was  unremitting  and  should  be  noted  as  one  of  h 
characteristics. 

His  efforts  in  the  domain  of  constitutional  law  were 
noteworthy.  Were  I  to  select  any,  I  think  perhaps  I  she 
Munn  V.  Illinois,  94  U.  S.,  113;  Illinois  Central  R.  R.  Co. 
14G  U.  S.,  387 ;  Counselman  v.  Hitchcock,  142  U.  S.,  547, 
the  most  striking  and  important  cases  in  which  he  was  c 
The  first  involved  the  right  of  the  State  of  Illinois  to  rej 
charges  of  elevator  proprietors  and  was  a  pioneer  case  ir 
partment  of  the  law;  the  second  was  the  familiar  Lake  Fr 

21 


:lf.  Thej'  are  all  instructive  and  leading  cases  in 
istituticnal  law  and  will  long  be  studied  by  the  pro- 
e  consideration  of  the  great  questions   to   which  they 

these  cases  jMr.  Jewett  bore  a  responsible  and  con- 
,  and  his  arguments  were  entirely  worthy,  not  only 
court  to  which  they  were  addressed,  but  of  the  im- 
ions  involved. 

;tt  was  not  a  politician  nor  an  office  seeker.  He  served 
he  State  Senate  many  years  ago.  He  belonged  to  that 
ishing  class  of  men  who  believe  that  the  office  should 
and  not  the  man  the  office;  that  the  convention  should 
ididate,  not  the  candidate   select  the   members  of   the 

of  the  misfortunes  of  modern  politics  and  American 
hat,  with  occasional    exceptions,    sufficiently    numerous 
not  to  overthrow  the  rule,  men  of  the  first  order  of 
get  into  the  public  service.    The  leaders  of  the  bar  are 
)und  upon  the  bench.     Our  great  lawyers,   merchants, 
manufacturers  are  infrequently  found  in  public  office ; 
as  if  the  national,   state  and  municipal   governments 
he  operation  of  some  mysterious  law  of  politics,  corn- 
id  of  the  services  of  the  ablest  men;  men  who,  in  their 
rs,  display  the  most  varied  and  conspicuous  talents. 
:tt  would  have  adorned  almost  any   station  in  public 
ral  occasions,  but  not  upon  his  own  motion,  his  name 
1  by  those  high  in  official  position,  for  important  and 
e.     But    the    strange    law    to    which    I    have    referred 
ery  instance  to  operate  to  his  exclusion   from  public 
r  it  is  true  that  his  interests   were  more  strictly  pro- 
public  and  general.     It  is  certain  that  in  all  matters 
honor  and  dignity  of  the  profession,  his  interest  was 
^^e;  and  that  to  the  diligent  pursuit  of  that  profession 
1  his  energies  and  talents  with  a  fidelity  that  was  un- 

ne  of  the  founders  of  the  Chicago  Bar  Association.  A 
e  lawyers  of  this  city  met  at  the  rooms  of  the  Chi- 
llege  in  November,  1873,  and  signed  a  paper  agreeing 
irming  such  an  association.  Mr.  Jewett's  name  was 
t  of  signers,  a  fact  which  speaks  much  for  the  regard 
1  which  he  was  held  by  his  professional  brethren  at 
r  this   sentiment    induced   the   promoters  of   this   im- 

22 


It  is  trite,  but  none  the  less  true,  to  say  that  ho  was 
citizen,  a  kindly,  agreeable  neighbor,  an  upright,  consc 
honest  and  public  spirited  man.  All  these  he  was.  Fuit  Ilix 
has  gone  from  us  never  to  return. 

Ill  the  memory  of   such  an  honorable  and  useful   life, 
much  of  inspiration  for  all  and  much  of  comfort  and  of  cor 
for  those  who  loved  him. 

In  the  contemplation  of  death,  the  last  inevitable  traged; 
the  mournful  refrain  of  the  great  pagan  emperor  and  phi! 
comes  echoing  down  the  ages:  "And  then  we  all  die  sc 
All  too  soon  the  good,  the  wise,  the  brave,  the  loyal. 

Yet  virtue,  wisdom,  courage  and  fidelity  die  not  witl 
The  good  they  do  lives  after  them.  The  race  moves  on,  s! 
times  and  even  with  apparent  retrogression,  but  ever  upwai 
eternal  progress,  to  the  achievement  of  those  high  ideals  a: 
standards  which  God  has  implanted  in  the  hearts  of  me 
world  goes  forward  and  not  backward;  humanity  grows  be 
not  worse,  and  though  men  be  mortal,  man  is  not. 

In  a  tone  perhaps  too  hopeless  we  hear  the  voice  of  tl 

"And  fear  not  lest  Existence  closing  your 
Account,  and  mine,  should  know  the  like  no  more 
The  Eternal  Saki  from  that  Bowl  has  pour'd 
Millions  of  Bubbles  like  us,  and  will  pour. 

"When  you  and  I  behind  the  Veil  are  past. 
Oh,  but  the  long,  long  while  the  World  shall  last, 
Which  of  our  Coming  and  Departure  heeds 
As  the  Sea's  self  should  heed  a  pebble-cast." 

But  no  spirit  of  oriental  fatalism  dominated  the  life 
whom  we  here  commemorate  His  was  an  active,  busy  a 
ful  life;  and  his  professional  associates  will  always  rcmem 
not  only  as  a  great  lawyer,  but  as  a  high  type  of  all  those  < 
which  have  contributed  to  the  traditional  glories  of  a  lean 
noble  profession. 


i 


ADDRESS 


Mr.  EDWARD  T.  LEE 


JOHN  MARSHALL  LAW  SCHOOL. 


Historical  Society  for  this  opportunity  to  join  with  it  and  tl 
cago  Bar  Association  in  paying  common  tribute  to  his  mem 

To  use  words  of  his  own,  uttered  of  Judge  Drummon 
like  occasion  to  this: 

"I  assume  we  are  here  not  to  grieve  over  his  departur 
amongst  us.  but  to  speak  and  hear  something  in  commem 
of  his  life  and  the  work  he  accomplished;  to  rejoice  over  t 
that  he  once  lived  rather  tlian  to  mourn  over  the  fact  that  In 
with  us  now." 

It  was  in  the  evening  of  his  life  when  I  first  became  acq 
with  John  N.  Jewett.  He  had  reached  three  score  years  a 
with  faculties  unimpaired,  form  erect  and  strong,  with  intell 
keen  and  active.  At  that  age  the  general  run  of  men,  whc 
those  years,  are  averse  to  assuming  new  tasks,  preferring  nn 
lay  aside  the  accumulated  duties  and  affairs  of  a  life-time, 
seek  well  earned  leisure  and  repose.  After  the  stress  of  bus: 
the  companionship  of  friends  and  the  enjoyments  of  home 
more  attractive,  and  the  circle  of  public  interest  narrows, 
cheerful  fireside,  with  a  favorite  book,  they  willingly  "shift  i 
lean  and  slippered  pantaloon,"  "the  world  forgetting,"  if  n 
the  world  forgot." 

But  at  seventy  Mr.  Jewett  was  old  only  in  years;  and  t 
proof  I  can  adduce  of  this  is  the  readiness  w-ith  which  at  th 
he  took  upon  himself  a  new  task;  one  which  could  add 
honor  nor  dignity  to  a  career  so  distinguished;  which  could 
gratify  ambition  nor  hold  out  prospect  of  tempting  emolur 
task  that  required  preparation  in  an  untried  field  and  an  a 
of  himself  to  novel  conditions;  that  meant  arduous  evening  2 
ments,  extending  during  the  winter  season,  at  the  cost  of  p 
comfort  and  social  engagements.  In  1809  Mr.  Jewett  acce 
appointment  as  Dean  of  The  John  Marshall  Law  Schc 
Lecturer  on  Constitutional  Law,  involving  the  delivery  of  tw 
more  lectures  each  year  before  classes  of  evening  law  studei 

What  could  have  prompted  a  man  of  his  achievemer 
assured  standing  in  the  profession  and  community  to  underti 
work,  which  he  carried  on  during  the  last  four  years  of  h 
The  answer,  I  think,  is  to  be  found  in  one  of  the  crown 
tributes  of  Mr.  Jeweit's  character,  an  attribute  to  which.  I 
this  honorable  Society  is  also  indebted,  his  disinterested  publ 
and  self-denying  service. 

In  this  new  work  his  penetrating  vision  saw  an  opporti 
inculcate  in  the  minds  of  future  lawyers  his  own  cherished  v 

27 


and  additional  to,  that  possible  to  a  practicing  lawyer, 
himself  to  this  work  he  gave  fresh  proof  of  the  gen- 
Itruistic  spirit  that  has  ever  characterized  the  highest 
egal  profession.  It  was  an  inspiring  sight  to  see  this 
e  bar,  a  veteran  of  many  hard  fought  battles,  mellowed 
th  undiminished  interest  in  the  interpretation  of  the 
I  in  teaching  young  men.  Who  will  say  it  was  not  a 
',  to  crown  his  life-work? 

no  perfunctory  discharge  of  duty.  He  went  at  the 
le  same  thoroughness  and  conscientiousness  for  which 
d  at  the  bar.  He  came  before  his  classes  with  studi- 
ed lectures,  carefully  written  out  in  his  own  neat  hand, 
ito  their  delivery  as  much  enthusiasm  and  earnestness 
ng  a  cause  before  a  Supreme  Court.  At  first  Mr. 
diffident  as  to  his  fitness  for  a  lecturer  and  as  to  the 
ood  he  could  do  to  law  students,  and  also,  indeed,  as 
ncy  of  an  evening  school.  He  had  never  before  been 
[ool.  When,  however,  he  became  acquainted  with  the 
■,  and  found  that  almost  without  exception  they  were 
\g  young  men  who  were  making  an  unaided  struggle 
;ducation  similar  to  what  he  himself  had  made  to  se- 
:e  education,  his  interest  in  them  and  in  the  School 
slieved  these  young  men  had  in  them  the  material  for 
ivorthy  lawyers  and  citizens,  and  were  deserving  of  the 
on  obtainable. 

ett's  work  at  the  School  covered  two  courses — one  on 
id  development  of  the  common  law,  the  other  on  con- 
w.     He  much  preferred  the  latter  topic,  regarding  the 

our  present  knowledge,  as  somewhat  speculative.     He 

Holmes  on  some  basic  principles,  and  considered  Pol- 
itland  as  working  largely  in  the  field  of  theory.  How- 
A\o  heard  his  course  on  the  common  law  will  not  soon 
dramatically  interesting  and  instructive  introductory 
which  he  described  the  providential  manner  in  which 
been  preserved,  even  from  Marathon  to  Agincourt,  for 
L  superior  civilization  and  an  enlightened  form  of  self- 

His  knowledge  of  general  history  and  of  the  phil- 
story  was  intimate,  exact  and  profound, 
^as  in  the  domain  of  American  constitutional  law  that 
felt  himself  most  at  home.    The  science  of  government 

by  law,  was  the  topic  that  drew  on  his  richest  re- 
th  the  causes  and  events  that  led  to  the  establishment  of 


shared  Gladstone's  estimate  of  its  human  perfectaess,  but  he  i 
nized  what  the  English  statesman  seemed  to  overlook,  that  it 
product  of  centuries  of  growth.     It  answered  exactly  to  his 
definition  of  a  constitution — "an  epitome  of  the  principles  on 
a  government  is  to  be  conducted."     When  he  came  to  treat  c 
state  Constitution  he  could  not  forbear  contrasting  it  most  un 
ably   with   the   national   Constitution.     He   condemned  the   gr 
practice  of  incorporating  mere  legislation  into  a  constitution, 
contention  in  the  great  case  of  Muhh  v.  The  People  would  lea 
to  expect. 

These  lectures  afforded  Mr.  Jewett  wide  scope  for  obser 
and  comment  on  current  tendencies  in  political  and  social  lif( 
he  availed  himself  freely  of  his  opportunities.  He  was  an  / 
can,  not  merely  in  birth,  but  in  every  fiber  of  his  being.  I- 
lieved  in  individual  freedom,  in  the  right  of  private  contra 
representative  government,  in  a  government  of  law.  Witl 
government  meant  control — not  arbitrary  or  rash,  but  wise,  fin 
majestic.  He  had  no  sympathy  with  mad-caps  in  office  or 
hare-brained  publicists  or  preachers  of  a  new  social  dispen: 
He  believed  that  human  society  had  always  needed  and  i 
would  need  some  form  of  coercive  government.  To  him  ii 
tions  were  necessary  and,  indeed,  beneficent  concomitants  of  ( 
ized  government,  and  he  appealed  to  every-day  occurences  ii 
port  of  his  contention.  He  viewed  with  apprehension  the  p 
unrest  under  legal  restraint  so  manifest  in  our  day;  but  hi: 
life,  running  back  before  the  Mexican  war,  recalled  to  his 
disturbed  conditions  equally  portentous  in  their  day,  and  h 
no  alarmist,  feeling  certain  that  the  law  would  in  the  end  vir 
itself  and  bring  men  again  beneath  its  sway. 

But  always  in  his  criticisms  of  policies  and  events  he  was 
minded,  without  bias,  and  without  a  trace  of  partisanship, 
though  he  had  been  a  very  prominent  lawyer  for  more  tha 
generations,  conspicuous  in  celebrated  cases,  he  never  even 
talking  of  principles  involved  in  such  cases,  obtruded  his  c 
tion  with  them.  Pars  magna  fui  was  never  on  his  lips,  he 
naturally  the  thought  might  have  been  in  his  mind — certaii 
exceptional  trait  in  an  elderly  man.  He  was  not  intent  on  I 
his  classes  think  as  he  thought,  but  in  having  them  think,  and 
accurately.  He  felt  that  each  student  was,  or  some  day  mig 
a  center  of  influence  in  the  community  in  which  he  might  liv 
that  it  was  all  important  that  he  should  be  taught  to  draw  hi 
elusions  logically.     His  lectures  were  not  without  a  dry  hunn 


many  instances,  recognized  his  manly  traits  and  showed 
:  accordingly,  and  their  never  failing  applause  plainly 
.     They  found  his  candor  and  fairness  a  lesson  in  theni- 

no  student  can  ever  say  that  he  held  out  the  law  as 
profession  except  to  the  high-minded  and  brave-hearted. 

could  see  and  hear  Mr.  Jewett  at  this  time  without  a 
ss  that  he  was  in  the  presence  of  no  mediocre  per- 
t  from  a  remnant,  a  scientist  can  rebuild  an  organism, 
^mnants  of  a  man's  life,  it  is  not  impossible  to  recon- 
ife.  And  of  John  N.  Jewett  at  this  period,  an  intel- 
ver  could  justly  say,  "Here  is  a  man  who  has  led  an 
;ical  and  intellectual  life,  whose  will-power  has  been 
ffectually    employed,    whose    mind    has    been    carefully 

varied  erudition,  and  disciplined  through  long  years  in 
:  of  a  technical  and  learned  profession,  yet  a  man  who 
[ways  entirely  human,  simple  in  his  tastes,  democratic 
)athies,  of  good-will  to  his  fellows,  and  a  gentleman." 
as  luminous  of  his  character  and  was  an  index  of  hiS 

He  came  not  by  that  genial  countenance,  dignified  bear- 
idly  disposition  all  at  once;  for  as  no  man  by  willing 
a  cubit  to  his  stature,  so  none  can  become  in  his  old 
icto,  refined,  well-poised,  and  benevolent.  Old  age  is 
ler  of  a  man's  real  character  and  disposition,  and  in  Mr. 
se  proved  the  truth  of  what  he  once  said : 
loral  and  intellectual  qualities  of  man  belong  to  his  bet- 
and  it  is  through  them  that  an  approximation  to  perfect 
ay  be  obtained." 

w  what  remains  to  us  of  this  useful,  noble  and  generous 
:ommon  fate  of  the  lawyer  is  his.  Forty  thick  volumes 
m  incomplete  collection,  for  Mr.  Jewett  lost  all  his 
)apers  in  the  great  fire — bear  silent  testimony  to  the  ex- 
riety  of  his  practice  and  to  his  immense  industry.    They 

hundreds  of  cases,  many  of  historic  importance,  nearly 
•"ederal  Courts,  not  a  few  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
es,  where  he  appeared  before  his  old  college-mate.  Chief 
er,  while  another  college-mate  of  old  Bowdoin,  Senator 
aine,  was  presiding  over  the  United  States  Senate.  No 
ited  with  Mr.  Jewett's  style  of  language  and  thought 
le  of  these  briefs  without  finding  the  man  there.  What 
ghts  of  study,  investigation,  and  hard  thought,  went  into 
ration  !  What  novelist  or  literateur  ever  put  the  same 
nental  tissue  into  his  works?    Yet  the  novelist  has  fame 

20 


his  practice.     His  sign  may  hang  in  place  for  a  while,  but 
is  misled.     A  dead  lawyer  draws  no  clients.     With  him  deat 
all,  at  least  so  far  as  things  outward  go. 

But  to  say  nothing  remains  of  this  life  would  bespeak  a  ! 
philosophy.  Those  forty  volumes  of  briefs  were  not  wri 
vain.  Their  thought  entered  into  the  thought  of  the  judgi 
heard  the  cases,  modifying  or  enlarging  their  opinions,  an 
becoming  embodied  in  the  decisions  of  the  courts  and  into  1 
of  the  land.  They  may  not  be  read  by  any  one  again,  but  the 
done  their  effective  work,  and  our  notions  of  law  to-day  are 
ent  as  a  result  of  them.  He  will  live  in  the  love  of  his  fami 
in  the  grateful  memory  of  his  clients,  his  neighbors  and  : 
His  lectures  will  not  be  heard  again,  but  there  are  those  prese 
evening  who  will  treasure  his  honest  advice  and  teachings  wl 
books  they  now  read  are  forgotten.  The  living  voice  rec 
more  imperishable  impression  sometimes  than  the  printed  pa 

These  things  in  themselves  were  worth  living  for,  but 
they  are  not  the  only  reward  of  the  noble  soul  we  knew.     V 
say  of  him,  as  he  once  said  of  another: 

"Although  dead  he  is  not  lost  to  the  world.  His  exam] 
the  results  of  his  labor  survive  him.  The  achievements  of  hi 
hood,  quietly,  consistently  and  honorably  wrought  into  the 
of  our  life,  still  remain,  and  will  continue  potent  influen< 
good,  to  which  limitation  laws  have  no  application." 

Surely  of  John  N  Jewett  we  can  honestly  say,  in  the 
of  Carlyle.  "When  he  departed  from  us,  he  took  a  man's  lif^ 
with  him." 


31 


MEMORIAL 

ADOITED    BY   THE 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 

OF    THE 

CHICAGO  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY 

March  1,  1904. 


At  the  regular  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee  of 
Chicago  Historical  Society,  held  on  March  1,  1004,  the  folio 
was  presented : 

"  To  the  Acting  President 

of  the  Chicago  Historical  Society. 
Mr.  President:  Pursuant  to  your  request,  and  on  behalf  oi 
Executive  Committee,  I  have  prepared,  and  now  submit  for  £ 
tion,  the  accompanying  brief  memorial  of  Honorable  John  Ne 
Jewett,  LL.  D.,  late  President  of  this  Society. 

Respectfully, 

S.  H.  Kerfoot, 


"The  memory  of  John  Nelson  Jewett  has  been  publicly 
formally  honored  by  oration  and  eulogy.  The  community  in  v 
for  half  a  century  he  had  been  an  eminent  and  an  honorable  cil 
has  attested  the  height  of  esteem  in  which  it  held  him.  The 
cago  Historical  Society,  whose  President  he  was,  the  Chicago 
Association,  whose  President  he  had  been,  and  The  John  Mai 
Law  School,  of  which  he  was  the  Dean,  have  eloquently  v 
their  respect  for  him  in  this  Society's  Hall,  where  with  his  m 
less  dignity  and  grace  he  had  so  often  and  so  recently  preside 

"It  is  now  our  privilege,  as  those  who  were  perhaps  close 
him  in  this  work  of  his  latest  years,  to  pay  the  last  and  most 
mate  tribute  of  affection,  and  to  spread  upon  our  records  tht 
expression  of  honor,  until  the  pen  of  some  gifted  writer 
adequately  chronicle  the  life  and  character  of  him  who  has  p 
from  our  daily  sight. 

"It  is  hard  to  speak  of  Mr.  Jewett  in  the  past  tense. 

"So  impressive  was  his  personality,  and  so  vivid  is  his  picti 
our  minds,  that  with  difficulty  we  realize  his  absence  is  to  be  1* 
than  for  the  day,  and  that  the  rich  tones  of  his  majestic  voice 
henceforth  but  echo  through  the  infinite  silence. 

"When  after  much  urging,  he  with  diffidence  accepted  tin 
ciety's  presidency,  his  heart  warmed  to  the  work,  and  none'c 
predecessors   was  ever   more  devoted  to   its   welfare,   none   lal 
more  zealously,  in  season  and  out  of  season,  in  its  behalf, 
his  vast  treasure  of  intellectual  strength,  of  legal   aruinon.  of 

35 


irs  ot  his  presidency  he  caUed  this  t^ommittee  together  lor 
iety's  work  sixty-four  times.    It  had  not  been  so  often  as- 

in  the  preceding  twenty-five  years !  What  more  eloquent 
ly  could  there  be  to  his  unselfish  devotion,  his  untiring 
his  grasp  of  detail,  and  his  aggressive  leadership  in  shap- 
forming,  and  directing  the  duties  devolved  upon  him  and 
is  Committee. 
:  found  the  Society  dormant,  its  finances  disturbed,  and  its 

in  chaos;  he  left  its  work  systematized  and  in  active 
;,  its  trust  funds  intact  and  productive.  The  disaster  which 
ed  at  the  beginning  of  his  presidency  has  yielded  to  his 
,  and  solvency  and  prosperity  have  been  established  in  its 
While  he  was  justly  proud  of  these  results,  he  disclaimed 
it  for  their  accomplishment.  The  reward  of  his  labors  was 
:es3  he  achieved. 

ith  the  strength  and  bravery  of  a  giant,  he  was  modest  as  a 
jirl,  gentle  as  a  woman.  The  glove  of  velvet  adorned,  but 
mask,  his  hand  of  iron.  Stately  in  bearing,  courtly  in  man- 
sterful  in  aflfairs,  gracious  in  his  simplicity,  he  won  the  re- 
le  admiration,  and  the  afi^ection  of  those  who  were  privileged 

the  Man. 

s  presidency  brought  honor  to  our  name  among  the  his- 
)0cieties  of  the  world. 

lose  who  knew  John  N.  Jewett  best  loved  him  most, 
e  the  chief  right  to  mourn ;  and  we  who  sat  at  his  feet  and 

his  hands  in  this  work,  and  who  gratefully  remember  the 
s  praise  which  he  officially  bestowed  upon  us,  claim  it  our 
spread  upon  our    records    this    too    meager    tribute    to    his 


Motion  for  Adoption  : 


On  motion  of  Dr.  Schmidt,  seconded  by  Mr.  Fuller,  i 


"Resolved,  that  the 
Kerfoot  be  adopted  and 
ings; 

"Resolved,  also,  that 
by  the  Society's  Record 
Mrs.  Jewett." 


Memorial   as   prepared    and    rea(3 
spread   upon  the  records  of  our 

a  copy  thereof,  engrossed  upon  p 
Clerk,  and  suitably  bound,  be  pre 

Franklin  H.  Head, 
Acting  I 
Thomas  Dent, 

Vice-1 
Edward  E.  Ayer, 
Joseph  T.  Bowen, 
William  A.  Fuller, 
Charles  F.  Gunthei 
Samuel  H.  Kerfoot, 
Levi  Z.  Leiter, 
George  Merryweath 
Otto  L.  Schmidt, 

Executive  C' 


James  W.  Fertig, 


37 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


3  0112  040353895 


